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Related Experiment Videos

Plantar flexor muscle function in open and closed chain.

U Carlsson1, K Lind, M Möller

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden.

Clinical Physiology (Oxford, England)
|February 13, 2001
PubMed
Summary

This study compared muscle activity and torque during plantar flexion in different positions. Standing tests yielded the highest torque, while prone positions are best for specific plantar flexor assessments.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Science
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Understanding muscle activation and torque production across different body positions is crucial for accurate functional assessments.
  • Previous research has not comprehensively compared isometric, concentric, and eccentric-concentric plantar flexion across sitting, standing, and prone positions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure torque and electromyographic (EMG) activity during various plantar flexion movements in sitting, standing, and prone positions.
  • To determine the optimal testing positions for overall functional ability versus specific plantar flexor assessments.

Main Methods:

  • Isometric, pure concentric, and eccentric-concentric plantar flexions were performed in sitting, standing, and prone postures.
  • Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from soleus, gastrocnemius medialis, tibialis anterior, and rectus femoris muscles.

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  • Torque and work produced during each movement were quantified.

    • Main Results:

    • Isometric tests produced the highest torques when performed in the standing position.
    • Muscle activity varied significantly across positions; for example, rectus femoris and gastrocnemius activity was lower in the prone position compared to standing.
    • The sitting position showed reduced lower leg muscle activity compared to standing, with distinct differences in rectus femoris and triceps surae activation during eccentric-concentric and concentric phases respectively, when compared to the prone position.

    Conclusions:

    • Standing positions are recommended for assessing overall functional ability due to higher torque production.
    • Prone positions are more suitable for specific evaluations of plantar flexor muscle function.
    • The findings provide evidence-based recommendations for optimizing the selection of testing positions in biomechanical and clinical assessments.