Adverse human reproductive outcomes and electromagnetic fields: a brief summary of the epidemiologic literature

Power frequency fields are of concern as risk factors for adverse reproductive outcomes. This report briefly summarizes the epidemiologic evidence of potential associations between a number of adverse reproductive outcomes and parental exposures to electric and magnetic fields (EMFs). Over the last decade numerous reviews of the human literature regarding these potential associations have been published. These reviews, in general, have concluded that: (1) evidence is lacking for a strong association between a woman's use of a video display terminal (VDT) and fetal loss, (2) evidence is lacking for a strong association between a woman's use of a VDT and adverse reproductive outcomes other than fetal loss, primarily a result of too few available data, and (3) the paucity of data on other parental EMF exposures and subsequent adverse outcomes of pregnancy limits drawing a valid scientific conclusion. Since those earlier reviews appeared, the number of new investigations have been relatively small. These new studies do not substantially alter the above summary conclusions. The lack of epidemiologic data in this area, coupled with some speculations about potential biological effects associated with EMFs, raises the importance of researching this area further.