Other modalities of oxygen therapy: hyperbaric oxygen, nitric oxide, and ECMO

Novel therapies for the next decade include hyperbaric oxygen, nitric oxide, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Hyperbaric oxygen delivers oxygen at a pressure greater than one atmosphere and has been used in diseases ranging from decompression sickness to carbon monoxide poisoning. Inhaled nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator, has been used in the acute respiratory distress syndrome and for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used to provide cardiopulmonary bypass support, particularly in the pediatric and neonatal population.