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Composite active site of an ABC ATPase: MutS uses ATP to verify mismatch recognition and authorize DNA repair
M S Junop1, G Obmolova, K Rausch
1Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Abstract:
The MutS protein initiates DNA mismatch repair by recognizing mispaired and unpaired bases embedded in duplex DNA and activating endo- and exonucleases to remove the mismatch. Members of the MutS family also possess a conserved ATPase activity that belongs to the ATP binding cassette (ABC) superfamily. Here we report the crystal structure of a ternary complex of MutS-DNA-ADP and assays of initiation of mismatch repair in conjunction with perturbation of the composite ATPase active site by mutagenesis. These studies indicate that MutS has to bind both ATP and the mismatch DNA simultaneously in order to activate the other mismatch repair proteins. We propose that the MutS ATPase activity plays a proofreading role in DNA mismatch repair, verification of mismatch recognition, and authorization of repair.
Insights
The MutS protein initiates DNA mismatch repair by binding DNA and ATP. This binding is crucial for activating repair proteins, suggesting MutS acts as a proofreader in DNA repair.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
- Genetics
Background:
- MutS protein initiates DNA mismatch repair (MMR).
- MutS family proteins have conserved ATPase activity within the ATP binding cassette (ABC) superfamily.
- MMR corrects errors in DNA replication.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the structural and functional mechanism of MutS in DNA mismatch repair.
- To investigate the role of MutS ATPase activity in MMR initiation.
- To understand the interplay between DNA binding and ATP hydrolysis in MutS function.
Main Methods:
- Determined the crystal structure of a ternary complex of MutS-DNA-ADP.
- Performed biochemical assays to study the initiation of mismatch repair.
- Utilized mutagenesis to perturb the ATPase active site of MutS.
Main Results:
- The crystal structure reveals the ternary complex of MutS bound to DNA and ADP.
- MutS requires simultaneous binding of both ATP and mismatch DNA to activate downstream repair proteins.
- Perturbation of the ATPase active site affects MutS function in mismatch recognition and repair initiation.
Conclusions:
- MutS functions as a crucial sensor and activator in the DNA mismatch repair pathway.
- The ATPase activity of MutS is integral to its proofreading function, verifying mismatch recognition and authorizing repair.
- Simultaneous binding of DNA and ATP by MutS is a key regulatory step for initiating MMR.