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Related Experiment Videos

Low-dimensional control: tonus (1963).

O G Meijer1, Y M Kots, V R Edgerton

  • 1Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Van der Boechorstraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ojmeijer@euronet.nl

Motor Control
|February 15, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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This 1963 article on "Tonus" (muscle tone) by Bernstein and Kots, now in English, explains tone as a graded phenomenon. It proposes suprasegmental control over stretch reflex threshold and slope, aligning with low-dimensional control theories.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The 1963 article "Tonus" by Bernstein and Kots, translated into English, reintroduces early concepts of muscle tone.
  • It defines tone as a graded phenomenon crucial for preparing the spinal cord for movement.

Discussion:

  • The authors proposed that higher brain levels regulate the stretch reflex's threshold and slope.
  • This concept is viewed through the lens of low-dimensional control, emphasizing minimal variables for motor command.
  • The historical difficulty in accepting these ideas is highlighted, illustrating scientific paradigm shifts.

Key Insights:

  • Muscle tone is a graded, not all-or-none, phenomenon.
  • Suprasegmental centers modulate the stretch reflex properties (threshold and slope).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Early work foreshadowed modern concepts of low-dimensional motor control and spinal intelligence.

    • Outlook:

    • The translation facilitates understanding of historical contributions to motor control.
    • Revisiting these foundational ideas can inform contemporary research in neurophysiology.
    • The paper's context, including equitonometry, offers insights into experimental approaches to tonic control.