Learning of a new bimanual coordination pattern is governed by three distinct processes

Learning of a new bimanual coordination pattern was investigated by practicing rhythmical arm movements with a required relative phase of phi=90 degrees. To quantify the learning process, we determined the mean and the standard deviation of the relative phase, and the switching time from a well-established coordination pattern to the to-be-learned pattern. We then calculated for each parameter the time constant of improvement. We found that with practice, all three parameter improved but each following a significantly different time-course. We therefore conclude that the learning of a new bimanual coordination pattern is governed by three separate processes, which can be visualized in a potential landscape of the intrinsic dynamics as distinct topographical features--namely, the location, depth, and steepness of the attractor basin.