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Related Experiment Videos

Escalation of aggression: experimental studies.

J H Goldstein, R W Davis, D Herman

    Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
    |January 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers found that participants consistently increased the intensity of reinforcements, both positive and negative, over learning trials. This escalation in reinforcement intensity supports a disinhibition theory of behavior.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Social Psychology
    • Behavioral Science

    Background:

    • The Buss "aggression machine" often shows an escalation in shock intensity over trials.
    • Theoretical explanations for this escalation require further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To test theoretical explanations for reinforcement intensity escalation.
    • To examine the role of reinforcement type (positive vs. negative) and initial intensity.

    Main Methods:

    • Modified verbal operant-conditioning and role-playing procedures were employed.
    • Subjects administered varying levels of positive or negative reinforcement.
    • Reinforcement intensity and learner devaluation were measured across trials.

    Main Results:

    • Participants consistently increased reinforcement intensity over trials, irrespective of initial conditions or reinforcement type.
    • Negative reinforcement led to learner devaluation compared to positive reinforcement.
    • Learner performance improvement did not alter the escalation trend.

    Conclusions:

    • Findings support a disinhibition theory of anti- and prosocial behavior.
    • Reinforcement intensity escalation appears to be a robust phenomenon in learning situations.

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