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Updated: Aug 14, 2026

Determining the Contribution of the Energy Systems During Exercise
Published on: March 20, 2012
Use of ergogenic aids by athletes
1Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
Abstract:
"Ergogenic aid" is defined as any means of enhancing energy utilization, including energy production, control, and efficiency. Athletes frequently use ergogenic aids to improve their performance and increase their chances of winning in competition. It is estimated that between 1 and 3 million male and female athletes in the United States alone have used anabolic steroids. In response to the problem of drug use, many athletic organizations have established policies prohibiting the use of certain pharmacologic, physiologic, and nutritional aids by athletes and have implemented drug testing programs to monitor compliance. Therefore, it is important for physicians to be knowledgeable about the available ergogenic aids so they can appropriately treat and counsel the athletic patient.
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