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Related Experiment Videos

Pediatric nephrolithiasis.

R S Malek, P P Kelalis

    The Journal of Urology
    |April 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study on pediatric upper urinary calculi found that metabolic causes are common. Appropriate therapy can inactivate stone disease in most children, but long-term follow-up is crucial.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Nephrology
    • Urology
    • Pediatric Urology

    Background:

    • Upper urinary calculi (kidney stones) in children present unique management challenges.
    • Understanding the underlying causes, including metabolic and infectious factors, is critical for effective treatment.
    • Previous views on the prevalence of different nephrolithiasis types in pediatric populations require re-evaluation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the management of 78 children diagnosed with upper urinary calculi.
    • To identify the prevalence of metabolic versus infectious causes of nephrolithiasis in this pediatric cohort.
    • To evaluate the long-term outcomes of stone disease management in children.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of 78 pediatric patients with upper urinary calculi.

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  • Analysis of patient demographics, etiology (metabolic vs. infectious), prior urologic interventions, and treatment strategies.
  • Long-term follow-up (average 7.5 years) to assess disease activity and outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Boys represented two-thirds of the patient population.
    • Metabolic causes were identified in two-thirds of patients; idiopathic renal lithiasis with or without hypercalciuria was the most common metabolic form.
    • Infected renal lithiasis was associated with prior urologic procedures, infection, and urinary stasis.
    • Appropriate therapy rendered stone disease inactive in 70% of children; 30% had active disease, with some progressing to renal failure or requiring transplantation.
    • Stone formation can be a manifestation of broader underlying disorders.

    Conclusions:

    • Idiopathic renal lithiasis is a significant metabolic cause of nephrolithiasis in children.
    • Aggressive investigation for etiologic factors and therapeutic intervention are essential.
    • Long-term follow-up is mandatory for both active and inactive cases of pediatric nephrolithiasis due to the potential for recurrence and association with systemic disorders.