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Related Concept Videos

Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Optimization of a Quantitative Micro-neutralization Assay
10:09

Optimization of a Quantitative Micro-neutralization Assay

Published on: December 14, 2016

Effectiveness of oseltamivir in preventing influenza in household contacts: a randomized controlled trial.

R Welliver1, A S Monto, O Carewicz

  • 1The Medical Building, 327 Mile End Rd, London, England E1 4NS. j.s.oxford@retroscreen.com

JAMA
|February 15, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oseltamivir effectively prevented influenza in household contacts, demonstrating high protective efficacy against illness and viral shedding. This antiviral treatment was well-tolerated and prevented household outbreaks.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Influenza virus spreads rapidly among household contacts.
  • Preventing influenza in households can curb community transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness of oseltamivir in preventing influenza spread to household contacts of infected individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 76 centers.
  • 377 index cases and 955 household contacts (aged ≥12 years) participated.
  • Contacts received oseltamivir (75 mg daily for 7 days) or placebo post-symptom onset in the index case.

Main Results:

  • Oseltamivir showed 89% protective efficacy against clinical influenza in individuals and 84% in households.
  • Significantly reduced influenza incidence and viral shedding (84% efficacy).
  • No resistance developed; oseltamivir was well-tolerated with similar gastrointestinal side effects to placebo.

Conclusions:

  • Postexposure prophylaxis with oseltamivir is effective in preventing influenza illness in close contacts.
  • Oseltamivir successfully prevented household influenza outbreaks.
  • The treatment was well-tolerated by participants.