On-Line Updating of Spatial Information Druing Locomotion Without Vision

Two experiments are reported in which the control of locomotion without vision was investigated. In Experiment 1, subjects (N = 10) made similar, although less functional, locomotor adjustments when walking without vision to a target than they did when walking with vision. That result suggests that while walking without vision, the subjects updated their positions on-line with respect to a representation of the target rather than operating from a preformulated action plan. In Experiment 2, there was a significant weakening and loss of functionality of the locomotor adjustments when subjects (N = 10) had to walk without vision the correct distance to the target but in a direction opposite to its true location, as compared with when they walked without vision directly to the target. That finding suggests that the subjects were nonvisually updating their positions not with respect to an abstract representation of the target's distance but with respect to a representation of its relative location within the task environment.