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Cell vacuolation caused by Vibrio cholerae hemolysin.

P Figueroa-Arredondo1, J E Heuser, N S Akopyants

  • 1Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. paula_figueroa@hms.harvard.edu

Infection and Immunity
|February 17, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae strains cause cell vacuolation using hemolysin (HlyA), a pore-forming toxin. This vacuolation, distinct from other toxins, may contribute to diarrhea by disrupting cell functions.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae strains cause gastroenteritis but lack known virulence factors.
  • The mechanisms underlying the virulence of these strains are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the virulence factors of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae strains.
  • To characterize the vacuolation activity observed in cultured cells.

Main Methods:

  • Cell culture assays using Vero cells.
  • Genetic analysis to identify the responsible gene.
  • Characterization of vacuole formation and cellular effects.

Main Results:

  • One-third of diarrhea-associated non-O1 V. cholerae strains induced cell vacuolation.

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  • The vacuolating activity was attributed to the hemolysin (hlyA) gene product, a pore-forming toxin.
  • Vacuole formation involved the endoplasmic reticulum and late-stage endosome-like structures, distinct from H. pylori VacA.

    • Conclusions:

    • Vibrio cholerae hemolysin induces a unique form of cell vacuolation preceding cytolysis.
    • This vacuolation may contribute to V. cholerae virulence by disrupting host cell processes.
    • Understanding this mechanism offers insights into non-epidemic cholera pathogenesis.