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Patterning the mammalian cerebral cortex.

C W Ragsdale1, E A Grove

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Chicago, 947 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. cliff@drugs.bsd.uchicago.edu

Current Opinion in Neurobiology
|February 17, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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The cerebral cortex area map forms early during development, independent of external nerve signals. Signaling centers and transcription factors play key roles, similar to other embryonic patterning mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental neurobiology
  • Cerebral cortex patterning
  • Neurogenesis

Background:

  • The establishment of the cerebral cortex area map during development is a fundamental question in neuroscience.
  • Previous research suggested extrinsic factors might guide cortical regionalization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the intrinsic mechanisms underlying the formation of the cerebral cortex area map.
  • To determine the role of embryonic signaling centers and transcription factors in cortical regionalization.

Main Methods:

  • Studies utilizing mutant mice to analyze genetic and molecular pathways.
  • Examination of early cortical neurogenesis and regional pattern emergence.

Main Results:

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  • The regional pattern of the cerebral cortex emerges early in development, prior to extrinsic innervation.
  • Mutant mouse studies identified critical roles for embryonic signaling centers and specific transcription factors in cortical regionalization.
  • Evidence suggests conserved patterning mechanisms, including gene families, are employed in cortical development as in other embryonic tissues.

    • Conclusions:

    • The cerebral cortex area map is established through intrinsic developmental mechanisms involving signaling centers and transcription factors.
    • These mechanisms share similarities with those used in patterning other embryonic structures.
    • While intrinsic patterning is primary, extrinsic connection cues refine the final cortical map.