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Updated: Oct 9, 2026
Clinical Application of Phase Angle and BIVA Z-Score Analyses in Patients Admitted to an Emergency Department with Acute Heart Failure
Published on: June 30, 2023
Evolutionary pattern and prognostic importance of heart rate variability during the early phase of acute myocardial
A D Doulalas1, M D Flather, A Pipilis
1Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece. dulal@classic.diavlos.gr
Aims:
To investigate the evolution of time domain heart rate variability in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction (MI) and assess its prognostic ability.
Methods:
We analysed several measures of heart rate variability (SDNN, SDANN, SDNN index, RMSSD) in 138 patients at days 0, 1 and 5+/-1 after hospital admission for acute MI. Results were correlated with infarct site, clinical variation and clinical outcome (death, MI, PTCA, CABG surgery).
Results:
Measures of heart rate variability (SDNN, SDANN and SDNN index) declined during the first 24 h after acute MI (P<0.01) and increased to admission levels after about 5 days. SDNN values on day 0, 1 and 5 respectively were: 86+/-35, 75+/-28 and 87+/-27 ms. Patients with anterior infarction had lower heart rate variability than patients with inferior infarction on all test days but similar evolution patterns. After 3 years of follow-up there were 12 cardiac deaths (8.7%) and six resuscitated arrests and 33 (24%) new MIs, or revascularisation procedures. The evolutionary pattern of heart rate variability was similar in survivors to those who died although values were generally lower. Mortality was significantly higher in the group with SDNN<50 ms at day 1 (P<0.01) and 5 (P<0.05), but not at day 0.
Conclusions:
Our findings show that autonomic imbalance, already evident on the day of the acute event, progresses further over the next 24 h and recovers over the next few days. Low heart rate variability as early as 24 h after acute MI may be a useful predictor of cardiac mortality and contribute to the early risk stratification and therapeutic management of patients.
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