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Cat-scratch disease.

B B Chomel1

  • 1Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

Revue Scientifique Et Technique (International Office of Epizootics)
|February 24, 2001
PubMed
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Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is caused by Bartonella henselae, a bacterium found in cats. Transmission occurs via cat fleas, not direct contact, and new Bartonella species are being identified in cats.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Bacteriology
  • Veterinary Medicine

Background:

  • Cat-scratch disease (CSD) was first described in 1950, but the causative agent remained unknown until 1992.
  • Bartonella henselae, initially linked to bacillary angiomatosis (BA) in immunocompromised individuals, was identified as the cause of CSD.
  • B. henselae is also associated with other human conditions like bacillary peliosis, relapsing bacteremia, and endocarditis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the etiology, clinical presentation, and epidemiology of CSD and BA.
  • To discuss diagnostic methods, treatment options, and preventive strategies for CSD/BA.

Main Methods:

  • Serological and microbiologic studies implicated Bartonella henselae in CSD.
  • Identification of two new Bartonella species (B. clarridgeiae, B. koehlerae) in the cat reservoir.

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  • Demonstration of cat-to-cat transmission via cat fleas, excluding direct contact transmission.

    • Main Results:

    • Bartonella henselae is the primary cause of CSD.
    • Cats serve as healthy carriers of B. henselae, potentially remaining bacteremic for extended periods.
    • The etiological role of B. clarridgeiae and B. koehlerae in human CSD requires further confirmation through isolation or DNA identification from lesions.

    Conclusions:

    • Bartonella henselae is the established cause of CSD, with cats acting as reservoirs.
    • Cat fleas are the vector for B. henselae transmission between cats.
    • Further research is needed to confirm the role of newly identified Bartonella species in human CSD.