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Updated: Sep 22, 2026

Extraction and Analysis of Microbial Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Soils
Published on: August 26, 2016
Liquid-liquid extraction procedures for sample enrichment in capillary zone electrophoresis
S Pedersen-Bjergaard1, K E Rasmussen, T G Halvorsen
1School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway. stig.pedersen-bjergaard@farmasi.uio.no
Abstract:
This review article presents an overview of applications of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) for analyte enrichment and clean-up of samples prior to capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The basic principles of LLE are discussed with special emphasis on analyte enrichment. In addition, attention is focused on the requirements for the final extract to be compatible with CZE. The paper discusses selected examples from the literature with special emphasis on detection limits in drug analysis and in environmental chemistry. Finally, the paper focus on alternative liquid-phase extraction concepts based on electroextraction, supported liquid membranes, and liquid-phase microextraction.
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