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[Atopic dermatitis in early infancy in Matuyama city: prevalence and seasonal variations]
1Department of Pediatrics of NTT Nishinihon Matuyama Hospital.
Insights
This study found that 28.5% of infants developed atopic dermatitis (AD) by 12 months, with symptoms often appearing early. Male infants and those with a family history of allergies were more prone to developing AD.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Dermatology
- Epidemiology
Context:
- Longitudinal study tracking infant health from birth to 12 months.
- Data collected from 1280 infants at NTT Nishinihon Matuyama Hospital.
- Focus on the early onset and prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD).
Purpose:
- To determine the 12-month cumulative prevalence of atopic dermatitis in infants.
- To identify risk factors associated with AD development, including sex, family history, and season of birth.
- To analyze the timing of AD symptom onset.
Summary:
- The 12-month cumulative prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) was 28.5%, with 82.2% of cases appearing before 3 months of age.
- Male infants (59.5%) and those with a family history of allergic diseases (approx. 70%) showed significantly higher AD prevalence.
- Infants born in winter had the highest cumulative AD prevalence (33.9%), with significant variations observed across seasons.
Impact:
- Highlights the high incidence of infant atopic dermatitis and the critical early window for intervention.
- Identifies key demographic and familial risk factors, aiding in targeted screening and prevention strategies.
- Suggests a potential link between season of birth and AD development, warranting further investigation into environmental influences.
Abstract:
From Jun 1996 to May 1999, 1280 infants were examined by the author 6 times from birth to 12 month-old in each 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 month-old time at NTT Nishinihon Matuyama Hospital. The 12-month cumulative prevalence of AD was 28.5%. Out of the cases 82.2% showed the symptoms before 3 month-old. There were 217 male infants in AD group (59.5%). This percentage was significantly higher than 45.2% in non-AD group (p < 0.001). Approximately 70% cases in AD group had family history of allergic diseases. This ratio was significantly higher compared to 49.6% in non-AD group (p < 0.001). According to the season of birth, there were significant differences in the 12-month cumulative prevalence of AD (p < 0.005). Infants born in the spring, summer, autumn and winter showed 21.1%, 27.2%, 31.3%, and 33.9% of cumulative prevalence of AD respectively. The prevalence of AD at 3 month-old and the ratio that the symptoms appeared before 3 month-old also had similarly significant tendency (p < 0.001) (Infants born in the spring showed 15.4% and 73%. Infants born in the winter showed 31.5% and 92.9%). There were no relationship between the cumulative prevalence of AD and the precipitation.