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Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, a primary pathogen in broilers.

L van Veen1, C P van Empel, T Fabria

  • 1Animal Health Service, Poultry Section, Deventer, The Netherlands.

Avian Diseases
|February 24, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is a primary pathogen causing lesions in chickens. Virulence varied among strains, with Dutch and South African isolates being more potent than American ones.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Microbiology
  • Poultry Diseases
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) is an emerging avian pathogen.
  • Understanding ORT virulence and host susceptibility is crucial for disease control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the virulence of field strains of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in different chicken breeds.
  • To determine if ORT acts as a primary pathogen.
  • To compare the pathogenicity of ORT strains from different geographical origins and isolation periods.

Main Methods:

  • Aerosol challenge of different chicken breeds (White Leghorns, broilers) with field strains of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale.
  • Lesion scoring and assessment of clinical signs post-infection.

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Main Results:

  • Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale induced lesions following aerosol challenge, confirming its role as a primary pathogen.
  • Dutch ORT strains (1995-1998) showed consistent virulence, not increasing over time.
  • Dutch and South African ORT strains were more pathogenic than an American strain.
  • White Leghorn chickens were more susceptible to ORT infection than broilers.
  • No significant difference in susceptibility was observed between commercial and specific-pathogen-free broilers.

Conclusions:

  • Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is confirmed as a primary avian pathogen.
  • Geographical origin significantly influences ORT strain pathogenicity.
  • Chicken breed impacts susceptibility, with White Leghorns being more vulnerable than broilers.