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Short-term analytically oriented psychotherapy versus behavior therapy.

R B Sloane, F R Staples, A H Cristol

    The American Journal of Psychiatry
    |April 1, 1975
    PubMed
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    Behavior therapy and psychoanalytically oriented therapy equally improved anxiety and personality disorder symptoms more than a waiting list. Long-term follow-up showed sustained improvements across all groups.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychiatry and Psychology
    • Clinical Psychology
    • Psychotherapy Research

    Background:

    • Anxiety neurosis and personality disorders are common conditions requiring effective treatment.
    • Psychotherapy is a primary treatment modality, with various approaches available.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the efficacy of behavior therapy and psychoanalytically oriented therapy against a waiting list control for anxiety neurosis and personality disorders.
    • To assess short-term and long-term treatment outcomes.

    Main Methods:

    • Ninety-four outpatients were randomly assigned to behavior therapy, psychoanalytically oriented therapy, or a waiting list for four months.
    • Symptom improvement, work adjustment, and social adjustment were assessed.

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    Main Results:

    • Both behavior therapy and psychoanalytically oriented therapy groups showed significant symptom improvement compared to the waiting list.
    • Behavior therapy patients demonstrated significant overall improvement at four months.
    • No significant differences in work or social adjustment were observed among groups initially.
    • All groups exhibited equally significant improvements one and two years post-assessment.

    Conclusions:

    • Behavior therapy and psychoanalytically oriented therapy are effective treatments for anxiety neurosis and personality disorders.
    • While short-term gains may favor behavior therapy, long-term outcomes are comparable across treatments and a waiting list.
    • Sustained symptom improvement is observed long after active treatment cessation.