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Studies on schistosomiasis in Somalia.

F Arfaa

    The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
    |March 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease, is prevalent in Somalia, particularly in areas with water development projects. Irrigation expansion significantly increases the risk of urinary bilharziasis infection.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Entomology
    • Tropical Medicine
    • Parasitology

    Background:

    • Schistosomiasis is a significant public health concern in many tropical and subtropical regions.
    • Water development projects, including irrigation, can alter the environment and influence the transmission dynamics of schistosomiasis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis in Somalia.
    • To investigate the correlation between water development and schistosomiasis transmission.
    • To identify the snail intermediate hosts involved in disease transmission.

    Main Methods:

    • A survey was conducted across 14 localities in 4 areas of Somalia.
    • Prevalence and intensity of urinary bilharziasis were assessed in the human population.
    • Snail intermediate hosts were collected from natural habitats and identified.

    Main Results:

    • Urinary bilharziasis was detected in all surveyed localities.
    • Areas with accomplished water development showed significantly higher infection rates (58.7% and 75.6%) compared to areas with planned water development (27.2% and 58.1%).
    • Bulinus abyssinicus was identified as the primary snail vector responsible for schistosomiasis transmission in the region.

    Conclusions:

    • Water development, especially irrigation expansion, is strongly associated with increased schistosomiasis prevalence in Somalia.
    • Effective snail control strategies targeting Bulinus abyssinicus are crucial for schistosomiasis control in these areas.
    • Integrated water resource management should consider the impact on schistosomiasis transmission.

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