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Related Experiment Videos

Underemployment and depression: longitudinal relationships.

D Dooley1, J Prause, K A Ham-Rowbottom

  • 1Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.

Journal of Health and Social Behavior
|February 24, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Adverse employment changes, including unemployment and inadequate employment, significantly increase depression. Prior depression did not predict inadequate employment but did predict unemployment risk, especially for less educated individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Psychiatry
  • Labor Economics

Background:

  • Employment status is often viewed as a binary state (working vs. not working).
  • A more nuanced view considers employment as a continuum, including adequate employment, inadequate employment (involuntary part-time or low wage), and unemployment.
  • Understanding the mental health implications of shifts along this continuum is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether shifts from adequate to inadequate employment increase depression similarly to shifts from employment to unemployment.
  • To determine the extent to which prior depression predicts selection into adverse employment changes.
  • To examine mediating and moderating factors in the relationship between employment changes and depression.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1992-1994).
  • Focus on 5,113 respondents who were adequately employed in 1992.
  • Statistical controls for prior depression, income, job satisfaction, and marital status.

    • Main Results:

    • Both unemployment and inadequate employment led to significant increases in depression, comparable in magnitude.
    • These direct effects remained significant even after accounting for changes in income, job satisfaction, and marital status.
    • Prior depression predicted a higher risk of unemployment (especially for those with less education) but not inadequate employment.
    • Marital status buffered the depressive effects of adverse employment changes, while education and job dissatisfaction amplified unemployment's impact.

    Conclusions:

    • Both unemployment and inadequate employment negatively impact mental health.
    • Interventions should address the mental health consequences of underemployment.
    • Further research is needed to monitor the extent and impact of underemployment on population mental health.