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Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children: pathophysiology and risk factors

S A Arslanian1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. arslans@chplink.chp.edu

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism : JPEM
|February 24, 2001
PubMed

Insights

Childhood obesity is driving a rise in type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnoses. This study examines the balance of insulin sensitivity and secretion and risk factors in youth-onset type 2 diabetes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) was historically rare in children.
  • Childhood obesity rates have increased significantly.
  • This trend parallels a rise in pediatric type 2 DM diagnoses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of type 2 DM in youth.
  • To identify and evaluate risk factors for youth-onset type 2 DM.
  • To analyze the impact of risk factors on insulin sensitivity and secretion.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric type 2 DM.
  • Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Evaluation of risk factors and their effects on glycemic control.

Main Results:

  • Type 2 DM is increasingly diagnosed in children and adolescents.
  • Childhood obesity is a primary driver of this increase.
  • Key risk factors impact insulin sensitivity and secretion dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • The rising incidence of pediatric type 2 DM is a significant public health concern.
  • Understanding the interplay of insulin sensitivity and secretion is crucial for managing youth-onset type 2 DM.
  • Targeted interventions addressing risk factors are needed.

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