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Sequential effects in naming: a time-criterion account.

T E Taylor1, S J Lupker

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada. ttaylor2@julian.uwo.ca

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|February 24, 2001
PubMed
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Readers strategically adjust response speed based on stimulus difficulty. This study found that naming latency is influenced by the difficulty of the preceding stimulus, suggesting sequential effects in cognitive tasks.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Human Information Processing

Background:

  • Previous research indicated that overall difficulty within a trial block affects target naming latencies.
  • This effect was attributed to readers strategically employing a time criterion for response initiation.
  • The current study investigated potential trial-by-trial influences on this strategic process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if sequential effects, specifically trial-by-trial influences, impact naming latencies.
  • To examine how the difficulty of a preceding stimulus affects the naming latency of a subsequent stimulus.
  • To test the robustness of sequential effects across various stimulus types.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a stimulus naming task across four experiments.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Naming latency was measured as a function of the difficulty of the immediately preceding stimulus.
  • Stimulus types included nonwords, high-frequency regular words, and inconsistent words of varying frequencies.

    • Main Results:

    • Naming latencies were consistently shorter for all stimulus types when preceded by an easier-to-name stimulus compared to a harder-to-name stimulus.
    • This sequential effect was observed regardless of the specific type of stimulus presented.
    • The findings support the idea that the time criterion used for responding is modulated by the relative difficulty of the preceding trial.

    Conclusions:

    • Sequential effects significantly influence naming latencies in a manner independent of stimulus type.
    • The strategic time criterion employed by readers is dynamically adjusted based on the difficulty of the preceding stimulus.
    • These findings contribute to understanding the trial-by-trial adjustments in cognitive processing during reading and naming tasks.