Minimally invasive direct access heart valve surgery

We review our experience with minimally invasive direct access (MIDA) heart valve surgery in 518 patients. Two hundred fifty-two patients underwent MIDA aortic valve replacement (AVR) or repair and 266 underwent MIDA mitral valve repair or replacement. Among the 250 AVRs, 157 (63%) were men, aged 63.2 +/- 14.6 years, NYHA functional Class 2.4 +/- 0.8. The surgical approach was right parasternal in 36 (14%) or upper hemisternotomy in 216 (86%). There were four (2%) operative deaths. Perioperative complications included 14 (5.6%) reexplorations for bleeding, 7 (3%) chest wound infections, 5 (2%) strokes, and 1 (0.4%) external iliac vein injury. Follow-up was complete in 193 (77%) patients, with a mean follow-up of 12 +/- 8 months. Late complications included 2 (0.8%) nonfatal myocardial infarctions, 4 (2%) reoperations for, respectively, 2 pericardial complications, 1 paravalvar leak, and 1 infected valve. There were five (2%) late deaths from congestive heart failure, pneumonia, hemorrhage, aneurysm, and cancer. Mean follow-up NYHA Class was 1.4 +/- 0.6. For the 266 mitral patients, 145 (54.5%) were men, age 58.7 +/- 13.6 years, functional Class 2.3 +/- 0.5. The surgical approach was right parasternal in 195 (73%), lower hemisternotomy in 53 (20%), right submammary thoracotomy in 9 (3.4%), or full sternotomy through a small skin incision in 9 (3.4%). There were 2 (0.8%) operative deaths. Perioperative complications included 4 (1.5%) reoperations for bleeding, 4 (1.5%) strokes, and 5 (2%) wound infections, and 3 (1%) ascending aortic complications. Follow-up was complete in 202 (76%) patients with a mean follow-up of 9.5 +/- 6.4 months. Late complications included one (0.4%) nonfatal myocardial infarction and three (1%) reoperations all converting repairs to replacements. There were three (1%) late deaths from suicide, pneumonia, and sudden death, respectively. Mean follow-up NYHA functional Class was 1.3 +/- 0.5. We conclude that MIDA heart valve surgery is safe and effective for the majority of patients requiring isolated elective aortic or mitral valve surgery.