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Interactions between two different inhibitory systems in the human motor cortex.

T D Sanger1, R R Garg, R Chen

  • 1Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital and Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The Journal of Physiology
|February 24, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and long interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) involve distinct neural circuits in the motor cortex. LICI appears to inhibit SICI, suggesting complex interactions within human motor cortex inhibition.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human Motor Cortex Physiology
  • Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Background:

  • Intracortical inhibition in the human motor cortex is characterized by short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and long interval intracortical inhibition (LICI).
  • These inhibitory phenomena are typically studied using paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with distinct timing and pulse parameters.
  • The underlying neural circuits and interactions between SICI and LICI remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether different neural circuits mediate SICI and LICI.
  • To explore the interactions between SICI and LICI within the human motor cortex.
  • To determine if LICI influences SICI and the potential mechanisms involved.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied to the motor cortex in nine healthy volunteers.
  • Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the first dorsal interosseous muscle.
  • The effects of varying test pulse strength on LICI and SICI were examined, along with their interactions.

    • Main Results:

    • LICI demonstrated an inverse relationship with test pulse strength, while SICI showed a tendency to increase.
    • No significant correlation was found between the magnitudes of SICI and LICI.
    • SICI was significantly reduced or abolished in the presence of LICI, even when LICI induction was minimal.

    Conclusions:

    • Distinct cell populations likely mediate SICI and LICI, indicating separate inhibitory circuits.
    • The findings support the hypothesis that LICI exerts an inhibitory effect on SICI, potentially via presynaptic GABAB receptors.
    • Assessing SICI in the context of LICI may offer a novel non-invasive method for evaluating inhibitory interactions in the human motor cortex.