Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

A default mode of brain function.

M E Raichle1, A M MacLeod, A Z Snyder

  • 1Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology and Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. marc@npg.wustl.edu

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 24, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified a stable baseline state in the adult human brain using the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF). This baseline is disrupted during goal-directed behaviors, suggesting a default brain function.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Preferential age-related striatal volume preservation in cervical dystonia.

Journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Discovery of ONO-8590580: A novel, potent and selective GABA<sub>A</sub> α<sub>5</sub> negative allosteric modulator for the treatment of cognitive disorders.

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters·2020
Same author

Behavioural clusters and predictors of performance during recovery from stroke.

Nature human behaviour·2017
Same author

The circuitry of abulia: insights from functional connectivity MRI.

NeuroImage. Clinical·2014
Same author

Lag structure in resting-state fMRI.

Journal of neurophysiology·2014
Same author

Genetic recombination of homologous plasmids catalysed by cell-free extracts of topo-isomerase mutant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

World journal of microbiology & biotechnology·2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human Physiology
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Understanding complex systems requires a baseline state.
  • Defining a baseline for the human brain is challenging due to its complexity.
  • Previous research suggested unpredictable brain activity without constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and define a baseline state of the normal adult human brain.
  • To investigate the brain oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) as a measure of this baseline.
  • To understand how this baseline state changes during various behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized quantitative metabolic and circulatory measurements from positron-emission tomography (PET).
  • Measured the brain oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) regionally throughout the brain.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Correlated OEF deviations with functional MRI signals during goal-directed behaviors.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified a remarkably uniform OEF in the awake, resting adult human brain.
    • Observed that deviations from the mean OEF were primarily increases (deactivations), mainly in the visual system.
    • Found that decreases from the baseline OEF occur during goal-directed behaviors.

    Conclusions:

    • The study defines a baseline state for the human brain based on OEF.
    • Consistent decreases in OEF during goal-directed behaviors suggest a default mode of brain function.
    • This default mode is suspended during specific, task-oriented activities.