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ABCs of cardiovascular disease risk management
J B Braunstein1, A Cheng, C Fakhry
1Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Heart Disease, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Carnegie 538, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Insights
Cardiovascular disease risk factor modification significantly improves survival and reduces events. This review covers optimal medical and lifestyle management for patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease and those at increased risk.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Preventive Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality have significantly decreased over the past two decades.
- Advances in understanding atherosclerosis and modifying coronary risk factors are key drivers of this decline.
- Evidence supports comprehensive risk factor modification for extending patient survival and reducing cardiovascular events.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the optimal medical and lifestyle management strategies for atherosclerotic vascular disease.
- To provide evidence-based guidance for adults at increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
- To synthesize contemporary clinical trial evidence for risk factor modification.
Main Methods:
- Review of contemporary clinical trial evidence.
- Analysis of data on medical and lifestyle interventions.
- Synthesis of guidelines for managing atherosclerotic vascular disease and risk factors.
Main Results:
- Comprehensive risk factor modification is proven to extend survival.
- Effective management reduces the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.
- Optimal medical and lifestyle interventions are crucial for both treatment and prevention.
Conclusions:
- Optimal management of cardiovascular disease relies on addressing risk factors through medical and lifestyle interventions.
- Evidence-based strategies are essential for patients with existing atherosclerotic vascular disease.
- Proactive risk factor management is vital for adults at increased risk, improving long-term outcomes.
Abstract:
The past 20 years have witnessed a marked decline in morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. This decline has been due in large part to advances in coronary risk factor modification and a better understanding of the atherosclerotic process. Compelling scientific and clinical trial evidence proves that comprehensive risk factor modification extends patient survival and reduces cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. This article reviews the ABCs of optimal medical and lifestyle management in patients with documented atherosclerotic vascular disease as well as in those adults who are at increased risk for the development of cardiovascular disease, based on contemporary clinical trial evidence.