[Tuberculosis mortality in Sverdlovsk Region].

Area of Science:

• Pulmonology
• Epidemiology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Tuberculosis (TB) presents distinct mortality patterns between sexes, with men experiencing higher fatality rates.
• Understanding demographic and clinical factors associated with TB mortality is crucial for targeted public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze sex-based differences in tuberculosis mortality.
• To identify the primary causes of death in tuberculosis patients.
• To determine factors contributing to a poor prognosis in tuberculosis.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of tuberculosis patient data.
• Comparison of mortality rates and causes of death between men and women.
• Identification of risk factors for poor tuberculosis outcomes.

Main Results:

• Tuberculosis mortality is 9.3 times higher in men than in women.
• Common causes of death include fibrocavernous tuberculosis, infiltrative tuberculosis, and caseous pneumonia.
• In young individuals, meningeal or central nervous system tuberculosis is a leading cause of death, while women are more prone to caseous pneumonia.
• Prisoners exhibit higher mortality from infiltrative tuberculosis compared to the general population.
• Caseous pneumonia and fibrocavernous tuberculosis are the most frequent causes of death within the first year of diagnosis.
• Late detection, treatment refusal, severe comorbidities, and antituberculous agent intolerance are predictors of poor prognosis.

Conclusions:

• Significant sex disparities exist in tuberculosis mortality, with men facing a considerably higher risk.
• Specific forms of tuberculosis and demographic factors influence mortality patterns.
• Prognosis is negatively impacted by delayed diagnosis, patient adherence, and concurrent health issues, necessitating improved early detection and management strategies.