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Prison suicides in Austria, 1975-1997.

S Fruehwald1, P Frottier, R Eher

  • 1Clinical Department of Social Psychiatry, University Clinical of Psychiatry, Vienna General Hospital, Austria. stefan.fruehwald@univie.ac.at

Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior
|February 24, 2001
PubMed
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Prison suicide rates are significantly higher than in the general population, particularly for inmates on remand or with mental illness. Targeted prevention efforts are crucial for high-risk individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Psychiatry
  • Criminology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Suicide prevention in correctional facilities faces challenges due to limited resources and staffing.
  • High rates of suicide in prisons necessitate a thorough examination of contributing factors and at-risk populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze suicide trends and rates within Austrian prisons from 1975 to 1997.
  • To identify specific subgroups of prisoners with elevated suicide risk.
  • To inform targeted suicide prevention strategies in custodial settings.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of all suicide cases (n=220) in Austrian prisons between 1975 and 1997.
  • Calculation of suicide rates for different prisoner demographics and circumstances.
  • Comparison of prison suicide rates with the general population.

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Main Results:

  • The overall prison suicide rate was substantially higher (8 times) than in the general Austrian population.
  • Prisoners on remand exhibited a significantly elevated suicide rate (236.0 per 100,000).
  • Mentally ill offenders also showed a high suicide rate (205.4 per 100,000), as did sentenced offenders (81.3 per 100,000).

Conclusions:

  • Austrian prisons experience disproportionately high suicide rates compared to the general population.
  • Specific subgroups, including remand prisoners and those with mental illness, are at critical risk.
  • Psychological and psychiatric professionals should prioritize suicide prevention for high-risk offenders post-admission screening.