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Zolpidem and driving impairment.

B K Logan1, F J Couper

  • 1State toxicologist, Bureau of Forensic Laboratory Services, Washington State Patrol, Seattle 89134, USA. blogan@wsp.wa.gov

Journal of Forensic Sciences
|February 24, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Zolpidem, a common sleep aid, was found in drivers arrested for impairment. Even at therapeutic levels, zolpidem can negatively impact driving ability and consciousness.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Toxicology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic used for insomnia.
  • Impaired driving is a significant public safety concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and effects of zolpidem in individuals arrested for impaired driving.
  • To assess the potential impact of zolpidem on driving performance.

Main Methods:

  • Blood samples from 29 impaired driving arrestees were analyzed for zolpidem.
  • Clinical observations and reported symptoms were documented.

Main Results:

  • Zolpidem was detected in all 29 subjects, with concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 1.4 mg/L.
  • Symptoms of central nervous system depression, including slowed reactions and poor coordination, were observed.
  • In cases where zolpidem was the sole substance detected, impairment signs included disorientation and "blacking out."

Conclusions:

  • Blood concentrations of zolpidem, even within therapeutic ranges, can negatively affect driving ability.
  • Higher concentrations are associated with further impairment of consciousness and driving skills.

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