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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in placenta.

B C Gladen1, T D Zadorozhnaja, N Chislovska

  • 1National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.

Human & Experimental Toxicology
|February 24, 2001
PubMed
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected in all placentas studied in Ukraine. Maternal body mass index was linked to higher levels of specific PAHs, but no link to infant birth weight was found.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental pollutants with potential health effects.
  • Placental exposure to PAHs can provide insight into fetal exposure.
  • Understanding PAH levels in pregnant populations is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify concentrations of seven specific PAHs in placentas from Ukrainian women.
  • To investigate potential associations between PAH levels and maternal factors (BMI, season, age).
  • To explore the relationship between placental PAH concentrations and infant birth weight.

Main Methods:

  • Placental samples were collected from 200 women in Kyiv and Dniprodzerzhinsk, Ukraine.
  • Concentrations of seven PAHs (chrysene, benz [a] anthracene, benzo [a]-pyrene, benzo [b] fluoranthene, indeno [1,2,3-c,d] pyrene, dibenz [a,h] anthracene, and benzo [g,h,i] perylene) were measured.

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  • Statistical analyses were performed to assess relationships with maternal characteristics and birth outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • All seven measured PAHs were detected in nearly all placentas.
    • Chrysene had the highest median concentration, while dibenz [a,h] anthracene and benzo [g,h,i] perylene had the lowest.
    • Dibenz [a,h] anthracene and benzo [g,h,i] perylene concentrations significantly increased with maternal body mass index.
    • No significant associations were found between PAH levels and maternal age, season of delivery, or infant birth weight.

    Conclusions:

    • Placental tissues serve as a repository for various environmental PAHs.
    • Maternal body mass index is a significant factor influencing the accumulation of certain PAHs in the placenta.
    • Further research is needed to understand the long-term implications of these PAH exposures on reproductive health and infant development.