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Smoking during pregnancy in Finland: determinants and trends, 1987-1997
N Jaakkola1, M S Jaakkola, M Gissler
1Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. jouni.jaakkola@nhv.se
Objectives:
This study examined determinants of and trends in smoking during pregnancy in Finland from 1987 through 1997.
Methods:
A repeated cross-sectional investigation of 694,926 women was conducted.
Results:
The prevalence of smoking during pregnancy remained similar from 1987 through 1997 (at 15%). In 1997, prevalences of smoking were alarmingly high among young (37%), single (30%), and less educated (25%) women and among women living in northern (20%) and eastern (19%) Finland. These determinants were persistent over time, with the exception of an increase in regional differences.
Conclusions:
Despite increasing knowledge of adverse effects, smoking during pregnancy has not declined in Finland over the past decade.