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A soil sampling strategy for mapping trace element concentrations in a test area.

J Sastre1, M Vidal, G Rauret

  • 1Departament de Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.

The Science of the Total Environment
|February 24, 2001
PubMed
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A new soil sampling strategy using land use strata proved effective for mapping trace elements (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) with limited samples. Recommendations vary by element mobility and soil horizon, especially in forests and grasslands.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Accurate soil sampling is crucial for environmental risk assessment and geochemical mapping.
  • Previous knowledge-based sampling strategies require validation against reference methods.
  • Limited sample analysis capacity necessitates efficient and representative sampling designs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare a novel, knowledge-based sampling strategy with a reference method for trace element mapping.
  • To assess the representativeness of the proposed strategy for risk assessment using limited soil samples (n=15).
  • To evaluate the impact of different soil horizons and land uses on trace element concentration data.

Main Methods:

  • A stratified sampling strategy based on land use (forest, arable, grassland) was implemented in Dornach, Switzerland.

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  • Systematic sampling within strata, composite sample formation, and analysis of specific soil horizons (H, Ah, 0-15 cm, 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm) were performed.
  • Results were compared with a reference sampling method to evaluate data representativeness for trace elements (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn).

    • Main Results:

    • The proposed sampling strategy provided sufficiently representative information for assessing trace element levels.
    • Optimal sampling depth varied: 0-10 cm recommended for grasslands to avoid dilution, while forest H and Ah horizons required separate analysis.
    • Mobile elements like Cadmium (Cd) showed less sensitivity to depth sampling compared to other metals accumulating in upper soil layers.

    Conclusions:

    • Sampling strategy recommendations are element-specific, influenced by mobility and accumulation patterns.
    • Ignoring specific soil horizons (e.g., forest H horizon) can lead to unreliable concentration predictions.
    • For undisturbed systems like grasslands, shallower sampling (0-10 cm) is advised for accurate trace element assessment.