Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in a postpartum Pap smear. A case report

There are several reported cases that describe female genital tract infections with opportunistic fungi, such as Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, Aspergillus flavus, Cryptococcus neoformans and Mucor. We describe a case of paracoccidiodomycosis limited to the uterine cervix. To the best of our knowledge, no such case has been described before in the English-language literature.

A 27-year-old, healthy female, gravida 3, para 2, abortion 1, presented for a routine gynecologic examination at six weeks' postpartum. Her past medical history was unremarkable. A routine cervical/endocervical smear revealed the presence of multiple fungal forms at different stages of development with a characteristic "pilot's wheel" appearance consistent with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Detailed medical examination of the patient did not reveal the presence of the primary infection in any other system. Cultures of the endometrium revealed no growth of the fungal organisms. The patient was asymptomatic, and therefore no therapy was initiated. Repeat Papanicolaou smears were negative for organisms.

Paracoccidioidomycosis can present as a limited form, involving the cervix only. Identification and recognition of the infection are important in cytopathology.