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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice

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Relationship between airway hyperreactivity and hyperpermeability in Ascaris-sensitive monkeys.

R C Boucher, P D Pare, J C Hogg

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

|September 1, 1979

Summary

Following allergic reactions, rhesus monkeys showed increased airway permeability and hyperreactivity to histamine. This suggests allergic responses may contribute to airway hyperreactivity by enhancing histamine absorption.

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice

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Evaluation of Respiratory System Mechanics in Mice using the Forced Oscillation Technique

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Published on: May 15, 2013

Area of Science:

Allergy and Immunology
Respiratory Medicine
Pharmacology

Background:

Allergic reactions are known to cause airway inflammation.
Airway hyperreactivity is a hallmark of asthma.
The relationship between allergic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of Ascaris antigen challenge on histamine absorption and airway response in rhesus monkeys.
To test the hypothesis that allergic reactions induce airway mucosal hyperpermeability, contributing to airway hyperreactivity.

Main Methods:

Four Ascaris-sensitive rhesus monkeys were used.
Fractional absorption of 3H-histamine (3HH) and pulmonary resistance (R1) were measured before and after Ascaris antigen challenge.
Histamine aerosols with tracer amounts of 3HH were administered.

Main Results:

Histamine absorption was fivefold greater after antigen challenge compared to control runs.
Pulmonary resistance increased by 247% after histamine inhalation post-challenge, versus an insignificant increase in controls.
Both airway hyperpermeability and hyperreactivity to histamine were observed post-antigen challenge.

Conclusions:

Specific antigen challenge in this model induces airway hyperpermeability and hyperreactivity to inhaled histamine.
Airway mucosal hyperpermeability, induced by allergic reactions, may increase the flow of bronchoactive agents to effector sites, contributing to airway hyperreactivity.
These findings support the role of allergic inflammation in the pathogenesis of airway hyperresponsiveness.