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Modeling pollutant release from a surface source during rainfall runoff.

M T Walter1, J Y Parlange, M F Walter

  • 1Environmental Science, Univ of Alaska Southeast, Juneau 99801, USA. mtw5@cornell.edu

Journal of Environmental Quality
|February 24, 2001
PubMed
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A new physically based model accurately predicts pollutant release from surface sources like field-spread manure. This model shows strong potential for managing nonpoint-source pollution from agricultural runoff.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Hydrology
  • Agricultural Engineering

Background:

  • Runoff from manure-spread fields is a significant source of nonpoint-source pollution.
  • Existing models lack mechanistic descriptions for pollutant transport from field-spread manure sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To hypothesize, develop, and test a mechanistic, physically based model for pollutant release from surface sources.
  • To demonstrate the model's applicability to field-spread manure and similar surface-applied pollutants.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory experiments using stable sources and a conservative tracer (KCl) to isolate transport processes.
  • Field investigation using runoff and soluble reactive phosphorus (SP) data from a dairy-manure-spread field.
  • Model validation by comparing predictions with laboratory and field observations.

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Main Results:

  • Model predictions closely matched laboratory (within 11% error for KCl) and field observations (within 11% error for SP).
  • Laboratory runoff predictions showed root mean square errors less than 0.2 mLs⁻¹ for simulated rainfall.
  • Field overland flow predictions had a 26% error, translating to approximately 39 mLs⁻¹.

Conclusions:

  • The developed mechanistic model satisfactorily represents the primary mechanisms of pollutant release from surface sources.
  • The model shows significant potential for improving the management of nonpoint-source pollution from agricultural activities.