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Generic mechanism for generating a liquid-liquid phase transition.

G Franzese1, G Malescio, A Skibinsky

  • 1Center for Polymer Studies and Department of Physics, Boston University, Massachusetts 02215, USA. franzese@argento.bu.edu

Nature
|February 24, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phosphorus exhibits distinct high-density liquid (HDL) and low-density liquid (LDL) phases. This liquid-liquid transition is explained by specific interaction potentials, even without a density anomaly, challenging current understanding.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Recent experiments reveal phosphorus, a single-component system, exhibits both high-density liquid (HDL) and low-density liquid (LDL) phases.
  • Liquid-liquid transitions are observed in various materials like water, silica, and carbon, but a general interpretation is lacking.
  • Existing models for supercooled water, liquid carbon, and silica predict a LDL-HDL critical point, yet lack a unified explanation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a general interpretation for the occurrence of low-density liquid (LDL) and high-density liquid (HDL) phases.
  • To establish a direct link between specific interaction potentials and the formation of LDL and HDL phases.
  • To investigate the possibility of liquid-liquid transitions in systems lacking a density anomaly.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of interatomic interaction potentials.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations (implied from background).
  • Comparison with experimental data for single-component systems.

Main Results:

  • The presence of LDL and HDL phases is directly linked to interaction potentials featuring an attractive part and two short-range repulsive distances.
  • This type of interaction potential is common in single-component liquids, including liquid metals.
  • Crucially, LDL and HDL phases can emerge even in systems that do not exhibit a density anomaly.

Conclusions:

  • A general theoretical framework is presented for understanding liquid-liquid transitions in single-component systems.
  • The findings suggest that the underlying interaction potential, not necessarily a density anomaly, governs the LDL-HDL transition.
  • This work poses an experimental challenge to search for liquid-liquid transitions in systems like liquid metals, irrespective of density anomalies.