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Nickel release from coins.

C Lidén1, S Carter

  • 1Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Sweden.

Contact Dermatitis
|February 24, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Nickel allergy is common, often linked to hand eczema. This study found significant nickel release from used coins, potentially transferring nickel salts to hands.

Area of Science:

  • Allergy and immunology
  • Materials science
  • Public health

Background:

  • Nickel allergy is the most prevalent contact allergy.
  • It is a significant factor contributing to hand eczema.
  • Concerns about nickel release from coins influenced European coinage composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify nickel release from used coins from the UK, Sweden, and France.
  • To assess the availability of nickel ions on coin surfaces.
  • To evaluate the potential transfer of nickel salts to hands.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of nickel release from used coins using artificial sweat.
  • Determination of nickel ion concentration after short-term (2 min) and long-term (1 week) exposure.
  • Identification of nickel compounds on coin surfaces.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Significant nickel ions were readily available on the surface of used cupro-nickel coins.
  • Approximately 2 microg of nickel per coin was extracted after 2 min in artificial sweat from cupro-nickel coins.
  • After 1 week, about 30 microg/cm2 of nickel was released from cupro-nickel coins, with less from other alloys.

Conclusions:

  • Used cupro-nickel coins readily release nickel ions, primarily as nickel chloride.
  • Handling these coins can lead to the transfer of microgram quantities of nickel salts to hands daily.
  • This highlights a potential risk factor for nickel allergy and hand eczema exacerbation.