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Development and performance of an alternative biofilter system.

D H Lee1, A K Lau, K L Pinder

  • 1Department of Chemical and Bio-Resource Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)
|February 24, 2001
PubMed
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Step tracer tests revealed that modified horizontal biofilters offer better gas flow and shorter residence times for enhanced biofiltration efficiency compared to standard vertical designs. This improves ammonia removal capacity.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Biotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Biofilters are crucial for removing gaseous pollutants.
  • Understanding gas flow patterns (residence time distributions) is key to optimizing biofilter performance.
  • Non-ideal flow, deviating from perfectly stirred or plug-flow models, is common in biofilters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine gas residence time distributions (RTDs) in standard vertical and modified horizontal lab-scale biofilters.
  • To characterize the flow patterns within these biofilters.
  • To compare the efficiency and capacity of the two biofilter designs.

Main Methods:

  • Step tracer tests were conducted on lab-scale biofilters.
  • Gas flow patterns were analyzed using residence time distribution (RTD) analysis.

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  • The behavior of biofilter beds was modeled using continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs).

    • Main Results:

    • The modified horizontal biofilter exhibited non-ideal flow, behaving like multiple CSTRs in series.
    • The standard vertical biofilter's flow pattern varied between 2 and 9 CSTRs depending on airflow.
    • The modified horizontal biofilter showed higher NH3 removal efficiency and elimination capacity than the standard biofilter.

    Conclusions:

    • Modified horizontal biofilters can achieve higher efficiency with shorter residence times due to back-mixing.
    • The second bed of the modified biofilter was more effective in pollutant removal.
    • Biofilter performance, including elimination rate and removal efficiency, is influenced by load and flow characteristics.