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Non-cellulosic mixed linkage beta-D-glucan in sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench--localization and biological

H P Ramesh1, R N Tharanathan

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 013, India.

Indian Journal of Experimental Biology
|February 24, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Sorghum grain contains beta-D-glucan, a polysaccharide that activates immune cells. This study shows beta-D-glucan from sorghum can stimulate macrophages in vitro and in vivo, suggesting potential health benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Sorghum grain (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) contains beta-D-glucans, complex carbohydrates with potential biological activities.
  • The presence and location of mixed-linkage beta-D-glucan in sorghum grain require further investigation.
  • Understanding the immunomodulatory effects of sorghum beta-D-glucan can reveal its nutritional and health-promoting properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and localize mixed-linkage beta-D-glucan in sorghum grain using fluorescence microscopy.
  • To investigate the in vitro immunomodulatory effects of alkali-extracted sorghum beta-D-glucan on rat peritoneal macrophages.
  • To evaluate the in vivo immune response, specifically carbon clearance, in mice treated with sorghum beta-D-glucan.

Main Methods:

  • Calcofluor and Congo Red staining of sorghum grain sections to visualize beta-D-glucan distribution.
  • In vitro assays measuring macrophage activation (30% activation at 100 µg/mL) by beta-glucan fraction 2.
  • In vivo carbon clearance tests in mice to determine phagocytic activity (index k = 0.102 ± 0.008).

Main Results:

  • Fluorescence observed in sub-aleurone cells of sorghum grain indicated the presence of mixed-linkage beta-D-glucan.
  • Alkali-extracted beta-D-glucan (fraction 2) significantly activated rat peritoneal macrophages in vitro, primarily via the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) pathway.
  • In vivo studies showed moderate accumulation of carbon particles in the spleen and liver of mice treated with fraction 2, indicating enhanced phagocytic activity.

Conclusions:

  • Sorghum grain is a source of mixed-linkage beta-D-glucan, localized in the sub-aleurone cells.
  • Sorghum beta-D-glucan exhibits immunomodulatory properties, activating macrophages through the PLA2 pathway.
  • The findings suggest that sorghum beta-D-glucan can enhance immune function, with potential applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals.