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Systemic benefits of cyclic ovarian function
1Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Magee-Women's Research Institute, Magee-Women's Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. sberga@mail.magee.edu
Objective:
To consider the systemic benefits of cyclic ovarian function.
Methods:
Review and interpretation of extant data and concepts, with a focus on the physiologic impact of gonadal steroid exposures upon key nonreproductive target tissues in women.
Results:
The role of cyclic ovarian function in reproductive processes such as menstruation, folliculogenesis, and conception is well understood. Less is known about the impact of the characteristic sex steroid fluctuations associated with ovulatory menstrual cycles upon what are typically viewed as nonreproductive tissues, such as the limbic lobe and cerebral cortex. The explosion in knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms of steroid action has expanded our appreciation of the complex and often subtle nature of this impact.
Conclusions:
A clear understanding of the systemic benefits of cyclic ovarian function is required to advise patients adequately about the risks and benefits of exogenous hormone use for the remediation or induction of anovulatory states. The inherent complexity of steroid hormone action coupled with the recognition that there is a long list of reproductive and nonreproductive target tissues obviates simple statements about the risks and benefits of hormonal manipulation and anovulatory states.