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[Anti-influenza A viral drug--amantadine]
1Second Department of Internal Medicine, Oita Medical University.
Abstract:
Amantadine, an inhibitor of M2 ion channel of influenza A virus, is an oral antiviral drug which specifically inhibits the uncoating and viral replication of the influenza A virus. Studies have shown that amantadine treatment within 48 hours of acute infection of influenza A reduces fever within 24 hours and shortens the course of illness. Amantadine has been found to have an efficacy of 50 to 90% prevention of illness. However amantadine-resistant viruses have been recovered approximately 30% patients treated with amantadine, as early as 2-3 days into treatment. Side effects of insomnia, decreased concentration and dizziness have been reported in 5 to 33% of amantadine recipients. Therefore amantadine should be only used for influenza A infected high risk persons.
Insights
Amantadine is an antiviral drug effective against influenza A, reducing fever and illness duration. However, due to resistance and side effects, it
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Pharmacology
Context:
- Influenza A virus poses a significant public health threat.
- Antiviral medications are crucial for managing influenza infections.
Purpose:
- To evaluate the efficacy and safety of amantadine for influenza A treatment and prevention.
Summary:
- Amantadine inhibits the M2 ion channel, blocking influenza A uncoating and replication.
- Treatment within 48 hours reduces fever and illness duration, with 50-90% efficacy in prevention.
- However, amantadine resistance emerges in up to 30% of patients, and side effects like insomnia occur.
Impact:
- Amantadine's utility is limited by rapid resistance development and adverse effects.
- Recommendations suggest restricting amantadine use to high-risk individuals with influenza A.