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White matter abnormalities in HIV-1 infection: a diffusion tensor imaging study.

N Pomara1, D T Crandall, S J Choi

  • 1Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.

Psychiatry Research
|March 7, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Subtle white matter abnormalities in Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) patients were detected using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). DTI shows promise for identifying early neurological changes in HIV-1 infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Diffuse white matter pallor is a common neuropathological finding in Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, especially in advanced stages.
  • Early detection of white matter abnormalities is crucial for managing HIV-1 associated neurological complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for detecting subtle white matter abnormalities in medically stable, ambulatory HIV-1 patients.
  • To assess if DTI can identify in vivo white matter changes not apparent with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) was performed on six HIV-1 patients and nine age-matched healthy controls.
  • Analysis focused on fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in white matter regions, including frontal lobes and internal capsules.

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Main Results:

  • HIV-1 patients exhibited abnormal fractional anisotropy (FA) in the white matter of the frontal lobes and internal capsules compared to controls.
  • No significant group differences were observed in mean diffusivity (MD), computed proton density, or computed T2, suggesting specific microstructural changes.

Conclusions:

  • Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a sensitive technique for detecting subtle white matter disruptions in HIV-1 patients.
  • DTI may offer advantages over conventional MRI in identifying early neurological changes associated with HIV-1 infection.