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Summary
This study examined the esophagogastric junction in cadavers and via reverse gastroesophagoscopy. Findings reveal distinct anatomical features of the lower esophageal sphincter, including increased muscle thickness and a visible transition zone.
Area of Science:
- Anatomy
- Gastroenterology
- Surgical Anatomy
Background:
- The esophagogastric junction is a critical area for preventing gastroesophageal reflux.
- Understanding its precise anatomical structure is essential for surgical and diagnostic procedures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the anatomical characteristics of the esophagogastric junction in various age groups.
- To visualize and document the lower esophageal sphincter and diaphragmatic sphincter using reverse gastroesophagoscopy.
Main Methods:
- Examination of fresh and preserved cadaveric specimens (infant, adolescent, adult).
- Intraoperative and postoperative reverse gastroesophagoscopy on unanesthetized patients via gastrostomy.
Main Results:
- Consistent observation of increased thickness in the inner circular muscle layer (lower 2-3 cm of the esophagus).
- Identification of a fused muscular layer, color change, and a whitish indentation from the serosal surface.
- Visualization of the transition zone from the mucosal surface, corresponding to the lower esophageal sphincter.
- Direct visualization and photographic documentation of both diaphragmatic and lower esophageal sphincters.
Conclusions:
- The lower esophageal sphincter exhibits specific anatomical features, including thickened musculature and a distinct transition zone.
- Reverse gastroesophagoscopy is an effective method for visualizing the lower esophageal sphincter and diaphragmatic sphincter in vivo.