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Cost-effectiveness associated with the diagnosis and staging of non-small-cell lung cancer
1Department of Surgery, Division of Chest Surgery, St. Marianna University, School of Medicien, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
Objective:
We evaluated how much time and money could be saved without compromising overall results in treating lung cancer.
Subjects And Methods:
We retrospectively evaluated 318 patients for T- and M-factors and 335 for N-factor. If bronchoscopy failed to diagnose a mass lesion believed to be malignant in x-ray computed tomography (CT), we proceeded to direct thoracotomy without needle or video-assisted biopsy. When mediastinal nodes were negative in CT, we proceeded to direct thoracotomy without mediastinoscopy. We searched routinely for distant metastasis with brain and abdominal CTs and bone scans.
Results:
Lesions suspected of malignancy in CT were pathologically malignant in 93%. A total of 82.8% of patients with CT-negative mediastinum were without metastasis. The remainder, with metastasis, had a postoperative 5-year survival of 23.5%. Brain CT scans were positive in only 2.2%, abdominal CT scans in 2.4%, and bone scans in 5.0%, for patients with a cT1/T2 non-cN2 lesion.
Conclusion:
Brain and abdominal CT scans and bone scans may be omitted for cT1/T2 and non-cN2 lesions in CT. CT-negative mediastinum then leads to direct thoracotomy. The vast majority of patients may thus undergo surgery earlier with less physical and financial burden. The cost saving was calculated to be 59.4% per cT1/T2 non-cN2 patient, or US$666,815, for population evaluated based on cost-effectiveness.