[Amount and intensity of physical exercise in primary prevention]

Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated an inverse relation between physical activity and physical "fitness" on one hand and premature death and the risk of chronic disease on the other hand. However, most of these studies showed crucial methodological and statistical differences, a fact which caused a lack of consensus of dose and intensity of physical activities for "health benefits". The optimal amount of physical activity to decrease mortality is in literature stated to range between 1,000 and 3,500 motoric kcal per week. Only a few data exist concerning the optimal intensity of preventive physical activities. There is some indication that only "vigorous" but not "non-vigorous" physical activities are associated with decreased mortality. Previous investigations suggest that a "threshold-intensity" (e.g. of at least 6 MET of "conditioning physical activity") is needed to produce an adequate preventive effect. On the other hand it has been documented, that "physical fitness" (endurance capacity) is a decisive factor for a decreased mortality. Therefore it may be assumed, that physical activities are only efficient for health benefits, if they also result in increased physical fitness. Following from this assumption the quality and quantity of training in primary prevention has to be adjusted to the individual requirements (performance, age, gender, health) of men.