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Tick-bite-induced anaphylaxis in Spain.

P Fernández-Soto1, I Dávila, E Laffond

  • 1Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.

Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology
|March 10, 2001
PubMed
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Two Spanish patients experienced tick bite anaphylaxis. Investigations revealed IgE-mediated and IgE-independent reactions, primarily against hard ticks, with cross-reactivity complicating species identification.

Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Parasitology
  • Tick-borne Diseases

Background:

  • Human anaphylaxis from tick bites is rare, with only a few documented cases globally.
  • Two recent cases of anaphylaxis following tick bites were reported in Salamanca, Spain.

Observation:

  • Skin-prick tests and serological analyses were performed using salivary-gland extracts from eight tick species (six hard ticks, two soft ticks).
  • Both patients exhibited positive skin test reactions to multiple hard tick species but not to soft ticks.
  • ELISA and western blot analyses showed high IgG titers against hard ticks in both patients' sera, but only one patient had tick-specific IgE.

Findings:

  • The anaphylaxis in one patient was IgE-mediated, while the other patient's reaction appeared to be IgE-independent.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Antibody recognition was primarily directed towards carbohydrate epitopes present in tick salivary gland extracts.
  • Significant cross-reactivity among hard tick species precluded definitive identification of the specific causative agent, though immunological data suggested *Ixodes ricinus*.

    • Implications:

    • This study highlights the potential for tick bites to induce diverse allergic reactions in humans, including both IgE-dependent and IgE-independent anaphylaxis.
    • The findings underscore the importance of considering tick bites in the differential diagnosis of unexplained anaphylaxis, particularly in endemic areas.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the specific allergens and mechanisms involved in tick-induced anaphylaxis and to identify the precise tick species responsible for these reactions.