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Related Concept Videos

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
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Genomics02:02

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
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The Central Dogma01:20

The Central Dogma

The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
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In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.
22:27

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.

Published on: May 7, 2010

Expressing the human genome.

R Tupler1, G Perini, M R Green

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01605, USA.

Nature
|March 10, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified numerous new human genes involved in transcription, RNA splicing, and polyadenylation. This finding reveals increased complexity in human gene expression compared to other organisms.

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.
22:27

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Published on: May 7, 2010

Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay (DAPA)
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Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay (DAPA)

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Gene Expression

Background:

  • The human genome contains numerous genes, but the proteins regulating nuclear gene expression are not fully characterized.
  • Understanding gene expression is crucial for deciphering cellular functions and disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel human genes involved in key nuclear gene expression processes.
  • To compare the complexity of human gene expression machinery with that of other model organisms.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of the human genome sequence.
  • Sequence-based identification of potential protein-coding genes.

Main Results:

  • A large number of candidate genes encoding new proteins were identified.
  • These genes are implicated in transcription, pre-messenger RNA splicing, and polyadenylation.
  • Human gene expression complexity appears significantly higher than in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans.

Conclusions:

  • The human genome encodes a substantial number of previously unknown factors for nuclear gene expression.
  • Genomic data provides a foundation for new experimental strategies to study gene expression regulation.