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Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

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Structure of a Gene01:30

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A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
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Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Organization01:28

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Prokaryotic genomes exhibit a streamlined organization of coding and non-coding regions essential for gene expression and protein synthesis. While coding regions contain the genetic instructions for proteins or functional RNAs, non-coding regions regulate the precise transcription and translation of these genes.Coding Regions: Proteins and RNAsThe primary coding regions, known as structural genes, include sequences transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and ultimately translated into...

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Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins
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Structure of a eukaryotic decoding region A-site RNA.

S R Lynch1, J D Puglisi

  • 1Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5126, USA.

Journal of Molecular Biology
|March 10, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Aminoglycoside antibiotics bind to the ribosomal A site. Comparing eukaryotic and prokaryotic rRNA structures reveals key differences in nucleotide base-pairing and orientation, impacting drug binding pockets.

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Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Aminoglycoside antibiotics are crucial for treating bacterial infections by targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) A site.
  • Understanding the structural basis of aminoglycoside-antibiotic interactions is vital for developing new therapeutic agents.
  • Previous studies determined the structure of prokaryotic rRNA A-site oligonucleotides free and bound to aminoglycosides.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the three-dimensional structure of a eukaryotic decoding region A-site oligonucleotide.
  • To compare the eukaryotic rRNA A-site structure with its unbound prokaryotic counterpart.
  • To elucidate structural differences influencing aminoglycoside binding.

Main Methods:

  • Homonuclear and heteronuclear Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed to determine the eukaryotic rRNA structure.
  • Comparative structural analysis was performed between the determined eukaryotic structure and the known unbound prokaryotic rRNA structure.

Main Results:

  • The eukaryotic rRNA A-site structure shares similarities with the prokaryotic structure, including specific base-pairing interactions (U1406-U1495, C1407-G1494).
  • A key difference was observed at position 1408, with a G-A base-pair in the eukaryotic structure versus an A-A base-pair in the prokaryotic structure.
  • The G1408 in the eukaryotic structure is rotated towards the major groove, potentially altering the aminoglycoside binding pocket.

Conclusions:

  • Structural similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic rRNA A sites have been elucidated.
  • The altered nucleotide orientation at position 1408 in the eukaryotic structure may influence aminoglycoside binding affinity and specificity.
  • These findings provide insights into the structural basis of antibiotic action and potential for drug resistance.