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[Hearing disorders screening in neonates at risk].
1Kresge Hearing Research Laboratory of the South LSU Medical Center, 2020 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
Summary
Early hearing screening for high-risk newborns using otoacoustic emissions and auditory evoked potentials is crucial. This study identified a 0.9% incidence of definite hearing loss, emphasizing the need for continued neonatal hearing assessments.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal audiology
- Pediatric hearing screening
- Otoacoustic emissions and auditory evoked potentials
Background:
- Neonatal hearing loss affects 1-6 per 1000 live births.
- Early identification and intervention are critical for language and cognitive development.
- High-risk neonates require targeted hearing screening protocols.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-stage hearing screening protocol in high-risk neonates.
- To determine the incidence of definite hearing loss in this population.
- To assess the diagnostic yield of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) tests.
Main Methods:
- A three-year, eight-month screening of 1,531 high-risk neonates.
- Two successive transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) recordings.
- Brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) recording and otolaryngology (ORL) consultation for suspected cases.
Main Results:
- 11% of neonates were suspected of hearing loss after TEOAE and BAEP testing.
- 58 infants showed bilateral and 26 unilateral impairment.
- A 0.9% incidence of definite hearing loss was diagnosed by ORL, with a mean age of diagnosis at 9.9 months.
Conclusions:
- Early hearing loss screening in at-risk neonates is effective and should be pursued.
- The implemented protocol successfully identified neonates with hearing impairment.
- Auditory risk factors are more prevalent in children with hearing loss.